Background: Given the prevalence rate of missed abortion and the complications of its surgery and also the propounded controversies about medical treatments and in order to determine the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol in Terminating missed abortion cases till 12th weeks of pregnancy, this study has been conducted between Dec. 2004 and Sep. 2004 in Kashan Shabihkhani Hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was a clinical trial in 80 pregnant women with missed abortion. The patients were categorized randomly in two groups (medical group, surgical group). The women in medical group were given an initial dose of 800 mgr. of vaginal misoprostol and if it was necessary more dose of 400 mgr would be repeated every four hours for maximum of three vaginal or oral dose in proportion of amount of bleeding. After 15 days if the ultrasound findings showed residual tissue, curettage would be performed. In the surgical group dilatation and sharp curettage was performed. Patient’s data such as age, gravidity, gestational age based on LMP and sonography, previous cesarean and previous abortion was recorded in a data chart. Statistical analysis was performed using X2 analysis, McNemar, Fisher exact test and T–Test. Results: In medical group 87.5% had complete abortion without any need of curettage. In 92.5% of cases in surgical group, gestation products were evacuated completely by curettage. Bleeding period in medical group was significantly more than surgical group but there was no significant difference in hemoglobin concentration level before and after abortion. The most common side effect in medical group was lower abdominal pain and fever.Conclusion: Misoprostol is an effective method with tolerable side effect for Terminating missed abortion until 12 weeks, in the other words, it is recommended to use misoprostol as a medical method for Terminating first trimester pregnancies in Iran.

Genetic algorithm (GA) has been extensively used in recent decades to solve many optimization problems in various fields of science and engineering.In most cases, the number of iterations is the only criterion which is used to stop the GA. In practice, this criterion will lead to prolong execution times to ensure proper solution. A novel approach is presented in this article as the approximate number of decisive iterations (ANDI) which can be used to successfully terminate the GA optimization method with minimum execution time. Two simple correlations are presented which relate the new parameter (ANDI ) with approximate degrees of freedom (Adf ) of the merit function at hand. For complex merit functions, a linear smoother (such as Regularization network) can be used to estimate the required Ad f. Four illustrative case studies are used to successfully validate the proposed approach by effectively finding the optimum point by using to the presented correlation. The linear correlation is more preferable because it is much simpler to use and the horizontal axis represents the approximate (not exact) degrees of freedom. It was also clearly shown that the Regularization Networks can successfully filter out the noise and mimic the true hyper-surface underlying a bunch of noisy data set.

Background: Breastfeeding is proved to be both important and useful for children, mothers and community.Objective: To assess the breastfeeding problems and also mothers' expectations of their husbands, work places and health centers.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 288 mothers with a two-year old child in 2004. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by k 2 test, statistically.Findings: Of a total of 288 mothers, 45.2% were illiterate or poorly literate and only 9% with education at university level. Most mothers (86.1%) were housewives and the rest with a job. Nearly half of the children were exclusively breastfed for six months and in total, 80% with breastfeeding duration of 22-23 months. There was a significant correlation between literacy and the duration of breastfeeding. A negative relationship was shown between breastfeeding duration and having a job.The important causes for Terminating breastfeeding were mother’s belief towards the sufficiency of breastfeeding (18.9%), lack of milk in mother's breasts (18.9%), and Child’s avoidance (17%). Approximately, 30.3% of mothers were found with no support from their husbands. Full supports by health centers were given only to 39.7% of mothers whereas 57.1% received relative supports. There was a positive correlation between the degree of support and the duration of breastfeeding. Among the mothers, 43.6% expected cooperation from their husbands and 68.8% of mothers with a job, insisted on extension of pregnancy leave. Also, 18.2% of mothers expected more proper behavior from the health center personnel.Conclusion: Regarding the data found in present study, the most important causes of early breastfeeding termination were mother’s mentality, lack of milk, and child's avoidance. It seems that good consultation could provide mothers with increased self-reliance. Additionally, the extension of pregnancy leave and also educating fathers on the quality of support given to mothers are recommended.

The Iranian Civil Code, especially those relating to family laws, is mainly based on the prevailing opinions of Shiite jurisprudence (without considering other views and evaluating their strength). As a result, in some cases, unfair and discriminatory laws have been enacted. For instance, under Article 1122 of the Civil Code, some diseases like Black Leprosy and Vitiligo of women have been regarded as an initiative to terminate marriage for men but such a right has not given to women if the husband suffers from such diseases. It seems that such discriminations have no justification and persuasive support in Shiite jurisprudence. For this purpose, this essay tries to review and criticize the prevailing opinions in the jurisprudence regarding the rights given either to men or women in respect of Terminating marriage based on their spouse's disease. In this essay, the opposite views regarding this issue in jurisprudence will also be clarified and evaluated.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study the effects of Sertraline on spermatogenesis of male rats and whether these probable effects are constant or provisional after Terminating the drug. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 two-month old male Wistar albino rats were equally divided into the Sertraline-treated and the control groups. The drug group was gavaged with Sertraline daily while the control group was gavaged with water at the same volume. After 80 days, half of the rats in each group were selected randomly for hormonal evaluations and bilateral orchiectomy. Histological and hormonal evaluations were performed. The remaining half of rats were kept alive for 90 more days without intervention and then underwent hormonal evaluation and bilateral orchiectomy in a similar fashion. Results: There was no difference between the testes histology and pathology of the sertraline-treated and the control groups. There was a significant decrease in serum FSH in the Sertraline-treated group compared to the control group (P <0. 05). However, this decline appeared to be reversible following termination of exposure to Sertraline. FSH returned to pretreatment levels in the remaining treated rats following 90 days of treatment cessation. Conclusion: Within the time-frame studied, Sertraline can induce transitory changes in serum FSH of male rats without concomitant spermatogenic changes within the testes. This hormonal change appears to be reversible following withholding of Sertraline. The long-term effect of Sertraline usage on hormonal status and spermatogenesis in rats needs further investigation.

In B. O. T contract, construction of a project is relegated from the public sector to the private sector, so that after a certain period of operation of the project, it assigns the project to the public sector. The main objective of the parties is undoubtedly performing B. O. T content. However, the parties’ agreement, the public interest, breach of contract, and temporary stoppage at B. O. T contract may cause the interruption of relationships. In this regard, in the rules and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, there are no clear and objective regulations for that. It is worth noting, for termination of the contract various ways can be outlined the most important of which are Option of Condition, Termination and Dissolving Condition. In the present research, the authors try to analyze the legal texts and law scripts and explain the mentioned solutions about the termination of B. O. T contract.